Penal substitution has a long and distinguished pedigree, and was expressely articulated by many in the early Church. Sadly, the myth of the doctrine’s supposed ‘late development’ continues to be perpetuated in books and theological seminaries all over the world. To set the record straight, we have included a few extracts from ancient Christian writings here, all of which we discuss in more detail in our book. Theological students are encouraged to copy and paste them into their essays as required.

In many cases, the entire works from which the extracts are taken are available from those wonderful people at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library HERE.